Maritime security requirements Essay

naval credential refers to the credentials offered to the shipping industry in a landed estate. It refers to the measures taken by the brass to suss egress that the mien, the employers, the employees as considerably as the equipments in the user interfaces be well guarded from affrights which face them. The styles face risks which may theorise due to unlawful acts d unrivalled on them or even on the persons stationed in them. Strategic grooming to cub any uncertainty is so inborn for the well macrocosm of a nation and its citizens. The credentials of a rude corresponding the United States is subordinate on the protective covering department of the worlds oceans.thither atomic number 18 different forms of threats which face the marine trade protection. To take in nautical certification, it is hence resilient to combine the efforts of both(prenominal) the normal and private sectors globally. Maritime warranter may excessively be apply to refer to the general protective cover for the foreign shipping which started functioning on July 2004. It forms part of the IMOs activities. This is a security measure dedicate code which is exercised in ports which is meant to compliment the multinational ships and the port equipments security.The IMO/ILO code was utilize to offer security for the unscathed port atomic number 18a and was approved in promenade 2004. IMO is an acronym for external naval organization while ILO refers to the external labor organization. IMO code of f ar is non masking and should non re office the laws and regulations of a province. It does not uphold the fundamental rights and principles of the workers as provided by the ILO document or the workers access to the ports or terminals and even the watercrafts. The IMO is thereof utilize to provide guidance to component countries on how to circle with matters relating to security in the ports.It in like manner helps in identifying a governing s roles and responsibilities as well as for those of the employers and their employees (Pugh, 1994). The important objective of the formation of the code of practice relating to security on the ports was to enable all the stakeholders including the governing body minimize the risks which may be incurred by the port due to unlawful acts in the port. It was similarly think to provide a common basis of glide slope to security on ports amongst affiliated states. This code excessively sought to extend the bea covered by port security to complicate the whole port.Threats and measures employ to trash marine security Maritime jeopardy has been on the rise for the past few eld with terrorists using this line of business to attack most countries. This has called for exact measures to batten such(prenominal) attacks are write outd or extinguishd. For ocean security to be attained, a get of course of studys absorb to be put in place to address the different forms of marin e security. These plans form the under(a)lying filmments for successful attaining of naval security. star of the plans which are bouncy is a national plan to create and discover Maritimes domain sensation.After creating a national awareness, a global integration of intelligence is important and hence its plan. A exclusive coarse may not be in a position to fight and lead to ocean security thus the need to co ensure with other countries. some other plans are the nautical infrastructure plan and the naval security plans. The security plans includes the imparting plan, the commerce plan and the facilities plan. Before the formulation of these plans, the country needs to actualise the threats which ocean environment faces (Hawkes, 1989).For a country to formulate the measures it has to take to attain oceanic security, it needs to gauge the threats the oceans are expresent to which in turn change the countries stability. Different countries sop up adopted different m easures to ensure that their ports are safe. The most common threats that face the oceans include the threat to the nautical security itself. Todays oceanic environment is marked by complexness and ambiguity thus making it vexed to give and protect it. This is more pronounced in the maritime environment.This is enhanced by the operations carried turn up at the sea which exposes the countries to acts of terrorism. These kinds of attack are more unreliable and pure military actions may not be effective in fighting them. They thus require other measures and the countries exposed to such threats must whirl ways to combat them. Advancement in telecommunications and the refinement of the international and commercial logistics have led to an annex in the range and in addition the effects which dress up due to the terrorist attacks. They have made it mathematical to count on even the borders considered to be most secure with spacious speed and for greater distances.Terrorists t ake advantage of such capabilities and cause great damage globally and withal in the political and frugal environment (Higgie, 2005). Maritime domain could overly be used to merchandise illegal goods to other countries thus posing a threat to the other country. Strict measures are thus required to cub this and to ensure that all transported goods are of high standards and are not harmful to the citizens in a country. Terrorism acts are rampant in the maritime domain. Fighting these threats is becoming more difficult since different terrorist conferences from different countries have joined in concert due to the improved telecommunications.They to a fault operate under the shadows thus making it hard to fight them. Cooperation amongst the member states is required to fight down maritime security. The increasing international trade through and through the maritime domain has as well led to increased maritime related flagitious activities. Such activities include smuggling of d rugs and weapons to or out of a country. People smuggling has in addition been on the rise in the maritime domain peculiarly in areas characterized by heavy commercial seas activities. In countries with unstable political environment, this is more rampant.Illegal in-migration through the sea has been rampant in the new past thus posing a major(ip) threat to maritime security and as well as to the economic and political stability of a country (Pugh, 1994). The main objective for the countries faced by these maritime threats is to go across or reduce the activities which pose these threats. One of the major steps towards preventing the terrorist attacks and other criminal and unlawful acts is through monitoring and controlling or patrolling the maritime borders. gritty seas areas which are of national interest should be safeguarded. sleuthing and stopping criminal activities forrader they are affiliated is the main aim of the countries exposed to maritime threats. To be effe ctive in detecting the threats to maritime security, the country has to be aware of the threat and have spy capabilities. Such knowledge helps in deterring and as well defeating adversaries archaeozoic enough ahead much damage have been caused (Higgie, 2005). some other objective of a country in cubing maritime insecurity is by protecting the fine maritime infrastructure and also the related population centers. totally the main and important infrastructures both tangible and ne bothrk operations should be guarded by military facilities for security purposes. Population should also be controlled so as to make it difficult for mess to collect information which could be used in committing criminal maritime acts. Overcrowding in the ports makes it easier for illegal immigration and smuggling of goods and lot. The responsibility of protecting these infrastructures should be taken up by both the private and public sectors. A country should also work towards minimizing the modif y which may arise in the maritime domain.Safeguarding the maritime domain and their resources from exploitation is another aim of a country (Pugh, 1994). For a country to attain maritime security, there are a number of things or unavoidableness that it has to meet. There are no international standards which have been unbending to control, regulate or maintain maritime security and thus a country has to set its own standards and work towards maintaining maritime securities. However, as mentioned earlier the international maritime organization has set guidelines which a country may apply in dealing with maritime related issues.Attaining maritime security is a continuous activity especially with the maturation of different activities which are posing threats to maritime security. multinational cooperation and coordination is zippy in achieving maritime security. Information communion and also intelligence assistance are also vital in effective elimination of maritime insecurity. Public and private sectors should also work in cooperation to attain and secure maritime security (Hawkes, 1989). The minimum prerequisite is the acquiring of an identification twit of maritime security.This card shows that the holder has been checked from his background and thus can work in the port unescorted. This card covers the seafarers and the persons working or who supply oil and swash facilities offshore. This card mainly operates in the Australian waters. For one to qualify to be given unmonitored access to the maritime security zone, one should not have an adverse criminal record and should be a citizen. If he is not a citizen, he must have a right to work in the country. mechanical identification systems are also a requirement in maritime security.These systems are supposed to be installed on commercial vessels which are on international voyage. This may include vessels used in angle and even passenger vessels which are over 65 in length (Office of the foment S ecretary, 2003). Prescreening cargo ahead lading is also another requirement for attaining maritime security. All international cargos should be examined before they are allowed into a country to ascertain their sanctuary and to eliminate possibilities of threats. Procedures to enforce action against a cargo hazard to be carrying illegal commodities or terrorists into or out of a country should be formulated.These procedures should be implemented and enforced to reduce the possibility of a repeating of the same action. Seizing cargo procedures should also be implemented and streamlined for easier confiscation of the goods or persons (Bahar, 2007). One of the vital requirements in achieving maritime security is by enhancing international cooperation amongst the member states. The oceans cover more than ii thirds of the earths surface. As such, no single country can achieve maritime security on its own. Cooperation with other countries is thus a vital tool in achieving maritime s ecurity.Countries which are concerned in attaining maritime security and are volition to fight terrorism and other maritime abuse come together to device ways to combat these crimes. These countries should seek to understand the threats and prioritize them according to there urgency. Unified actions and plans are then implemented to reduce maritime insecurity (Hawkes, 1989). To enhance this cooperation, the nations should endeavor to standardise international security to ensure that all the goods and people going to a country through the maritime domain are not a threat to the citizens that country.The use of automated systems should be implemented to say maritime vessels, their ownership and also their operations. The crew operate them should also be registered as well as the cargo be transported to enhance transparency. The member states should also develop a mutual fund ensure effective and efficient implementation of measures to interdict criminals before the damages are d one. The means of rapid exchanges amongst the government and intelligence agencies should also be enforced by the law and suspected criminals should be persecuted.Streamlined procedures should also be adopted to verify vessels nationality so as to take enchant enforcement measures on time (Bahar, 2007). some other requirement for maritime security is the foreign vessel security plans. This requirement has a provision that members of SOLAS are not required to produce their security plans to glide guards for their vessels to be approved. However, those who are not affiliated to this group of SOLAS have to produce their security plans before being allowed to enter into a country. Their security plan should also comply with the measures which are stipulated in the trade agreement.SOLAS is an acronym for safety of life at seas. A vessel not complying with these requirements is denied entrance to a country. This is in operation in the united stated (Office of the reduce Secretary, 200 3). Vessel security plans is also another requirement for ensuring maritime security. All vessels are required to have security plans before being allowed to move in the American waters. This requirement however exempts vessels which carry less than one coulomb and fifty passengers without considering the number of overnight passengers in the vessel. early(a) vessels exempted in this provision are the drilling units which are non self propelling and are operated offshore. Industrial vessels like the dredges are also exempted from the security plans provision for vessels. Facilities are supposed to come up with their individual plans for security. Exempted in this requirement are facilities which only service the passenger vessels scarcely whose vessels do not carry passengers. Others are the public access facilities which are purely used for recreation and retail purposes by the public. Vessels which the public uses for recreation and tourist purposes are also exempted.The owners and the operators of these exempted facilities are held trustworthy and are supposed to implement necessary security measures. These measures are supposed to comply with the area security plan (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). These requirements are made contingent and viable by offering assistance and cultivation to the maritime security operators. Economic assistance is also vital in ensuring that maritime security among the nations is attained. Another way that the governments have done to ensure maritime security is maintained is by expanding the international port and maritime security officer programs.This ensures that the diverse threats posed by unlawful acts are minimized and awareness is created. The number of agency attaches has also been increased (Pugh, 1994). Deploying superimposed security is also another requirement for ensuring that maritime security is achieved and maintained. A system of layered security ensures that the capabilities of the member govern ments and those of commercial interests are integrated globally. some(prenominal) the public and the private sectors can help in controlling terrorism activities if they could act in concert.These two sectors may use diverse though antonymous measures to eliminate the criminal acts instead of relying on the government alone. A layered approach is not a static approach but keeps on being improved. These changes serve to create uncertainty thus lessen the possibility of terrorist attacks. This approach is mainly used in the most vulnerable areas like the marine transportation sector, passenger and cargo ferrying, staff and also in conveyances. It is also effective in ports and also the track of transportation (Bahar, 2007).Maximizing domain awareness is a vital tool in eliminating threats and maintaining peace and security in the maritime environment. Understanding the trends and all the events in a domain helps to predict likely events and also the possible threats facing a certa in domain. foregoing knowledge of the threats is important for securing the security of a maritime domain and also helps in reducing unwholesome events. In laborious to gain knowledge of the possible threats, the government and all the stakeholders should aim at trying to understand who their enemies are and their capabilities and also their goals.Factors influencing their behavior and also their organizational structure should be analyzed. A vital area is learning the adversarys fatigued points and also the centers of their gravity. This knowledge is used in formulation the course of action and also in deciding and prioritizing the allocation of resources. Awareness of maritime domain thus helps in earlier identification of threats and thus prompts appropriate actions to be taken to prevent such attacks (Higgie, 2005). finis Maritime security as discussed above is not only vital to the seas environment but also affects the whole country and the world in general.No single coun try is immune to maritime threats and as such, all the countries should work together to attain maritime security. Creating awareness may be costly but should be advocated for to ensure that terrorist attacks and other criminal and offensive acts are recognized and deterred. Stern measures should be undertaken by the international body concerned with maritime security on countries that collude or allow terrorist to operate from their waters. Those convicted of violating maritime security should be persecuted and heavy penalty imposed so as to deter others from lovely in similar acts.However, while dealing with matters relating to maritime security, extra care should be taken. Damages caused by criminal acts via maritime domain may be devastating thus caution should be exercised. The countries should also strive at protecting the maritime domain from exploitation so as to preserve the ecosystem of the country as well as that of the aquatic life. computer addressBahar M. (2007) Att aining Optimal Deterrence at Sea A Legal and Strategic Theory for Naval Anti-Piracy trading operations Journal oblige of Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 40 Hawkes K. G.(1989) Maritime Security. ISBN 087033395X. Published by Cornell Maritime Press Higgie D. (2005) Combating Terrorism Dell Higgie Surveys the International Counter-Terrorism Scene. Journal article of New Zealand International Review, Vol. 30 Office of the Press Secretary. (2003) Fact Sheet Maritime Security Requirements. Retrieved on 10th December 2008 from, http//www. dhs. gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0282. shtm. Pugh M. C. (1994) Maritime Security and peacekeeping operation A Framework for United Nations Operations. ISBN 0719045630. Published by Manchester University Press